Physics, often dubbed as the “fundamental science,” serves as the bedrock upon which the understanding of the universe is built. From the smallest subatomic particles to the vast cosmic expanses, physics elucidates the workings of nature through a set of fundamental principles and laws. At its core, physics seeks to unravel the mysteries of the cosmos by exploring the fundamental forces, particles, and phenomena that govern our reality.
One of the cornerstone concepts in physics is that of forces. Forces are interactions between objects that cause them to accelerate or deform. According to Sir Isaac Newton’s laws of motion, an object remains in its state of motion unless acted upon by an external force. This fundamental principle underpins our understanding of motion and inertia, forming the basis for classical mechanics.
The four fundamental forces of nature—gravity, electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force—play pivotal roles in shaping the universe as we know it. Gravity, described by Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity, governs the behavior of massive objects on cosmic scales, such as planets, stars, and galaxies. Electromagnetism, on the other hand, accounts for the interactions between